As a neurosurgeon, one of the most rewarding parts of my work is seeing how the right surgery can completely transform a patient’s life. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is one such procedure — especially for people living with Parkinson’s disease, essential tremors, or certain movement disorders.

Many people still don’t know that DBS exists or when it should be considered. Let me help you understand what DBS is, who it helps, and what you can expect if you or a loved one might need this surgery.

What is Deep Brain Stimulation?
In simple terms, DBS is like a pacemaker for the brain. As I often explain to patients, “We place two electrodes on either side through small holes drilled in the skull. These electrodes go deep into a part of the brain called the subthalamic nucleus, which is the size of a grain of rice.”

These electrodes are connected to a small battery, usually implanted under the skin near the chest. The device sends gentle electrical impulses to break the abnormal signals that cause tremors, stiffness, or difficulty moving.

Who Needs DBS?
DBS is not the first step for Parkinson’s treatment. Most patients do well with medication in the early years. But over time, the medicines can stop working as effectively or cause side effects like uncontrolled movements (dyskinesias).

As I share with my patients, “All Parkinson’s disease patients don’t have Deep Brain Stimulation as the first line of treatment. They are all treated with medicines first. And once the medicines start losing their effect, only then are they considered for DBS.”

A good candidate for DBS is someone who:

Has Parkinson’s disease that responds well to medication but is no longer controlled by it alone.

Has had significant side effects from medicines for more than four months.

Is physically fit for surgery and has a supportive family, because DBS requires lifelong care and follow-up.

How is DBS Surgery Done?
DBS involves two parts. First, the electrodes are carefully placed in the brain while the patient is awake. This helps us test the placement and make sure there are no side effects. Then, under anesthesia, the battery is implanted and connected to the electrodes.

Many people ask about safety. The risks of DBS are low — about 2–3%. The main risks are minor bleeding, infection, or hardware issues like wire disconnection. But with good surgical technique and a strong care team, these complications are rare.

What Benefits Can Patients Expect?
I’ve seen patients who couldn’t eat or walk because of severe tremors live near-normal lives after DBS. “It is life-changing for these patients,” I often say. “They can go from not being able to sit without tremors to leading near normal lives.”

DBS does not cure Parkinson’s — the disease will still progress over time. But the quality-of-life improvement it provides can be dramatic and long-lasting, as long as the device is well maintained.

A Final Word
Parkinson’s disease can feel overwhelming, but remember: today, we have advanced options like Deep Brain Stimulation that truly change lives. If you or someone you love is struggling with uncontrolled symptoms, speak to a neurologist about whether DBS could help.

With the right treatment and a supportive team, life with Parkinson’s can still be meaningful and active.