The skin prick test is a diagnostic tool used to identify specific allergens that may be causing symptoms in a patient. It helps determine sensitivities to various allergens, both airborne and ingested. 

Types of Allergens Tested: 

• Respiratory Allergens: These include dust mites, storage mites, cockroaches, cats, dogs, molds, grass pollen, tree pollen, and weed pollen. 
• Food Allergens: Common food allergens include milk, peanuts, tree nuts, eggs, chicken, seafood, fruits, vegetables, seeds, and grains. Certain medications can also be tested. 

Procedure: 

The skin prick test is a straightforward and minimally invasive procedure. A drop of the suspected allergen is placed on the skin, and a lancet pricks the top layer of the skin to allow the allergen to penetrate. The depth of the prick is approximately 1mm, making the procedure less painful than a mosquito bite. 

Post-Test and Interpretation: 

After the test, the patient waits for about 15 minutes. The results are then interpreted based on the presence of swelling. A positive reaction is indicated by swelling that is 3mm greater than the saline control, signifying sensitization to the allergen. 

Precautions: 

• Medication: Patients should avoid antihistamines, antipsychotics, and certain cold and cough syrups before the test. 
• Skin Condition: The area where the test is performed should be healthy and free from any skin conditions. 

Safety and Age Group: 

 The skin prick test is generally safe with minimal risk of significant complications. Occasionally, patients may experience mild giddiness or localized allergic reactions. The test can be performed on individuals of any age group.