Dr. Usha Shree

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes, specifically the retina. High blood sugar levels can lead to damage in the blood vessels of the retina, resulting in their swelling, leaking, or abnormal growth. This can cause vision problems and even blindness if left untreated. People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing this condition, and its progression is often linked to the duration of diabetes and poor blood sugar control. Symptoms may include blurred vision, floaters, and impaired color vision, necessitating regular eye examinations for early detection and management.

Macular degeneration is an age-related eye disorder that primarily affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp vision. As people age, the macula may degenerate, leading to a gradual loss of central vision. This condition is classified into two main types: dry and wet macular degeneration. Dry macular degeneration is more common and progresses slowly, while the wet form involves abnormal blood vessel growth and can lead to rapid vision loss. Risk factors include age, genetics, smoking, and poor diet. Early detection and lifestyle changes can help manage the condition and preserve vision.

Retinal vascular disorders affect the blood vessels supplying the retina, leading to complications such as retinal vein occlusion, retinal artery occlusion, and diabetic retinopathy. These conditions can result in vision loss due to inadequate blood supply or fluid leakage. Common risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Early detection through routine eye examinations and management of underlying conditions can help prevent severe vision impairment

Maculopathies refer to diseases affecting the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common form, characterized by progressive central vision loss. Other types include diabetic maculopathy and inherited macular diseases. Symptoms often include blurred or distorted vision, difficulty reading, and color perception changes. Lifestyle modifications, such as a nutrient-rich diet, smoking cessation, and timely medical interventions, can help manage the condition.

Severe myopia (nearsightedness) can lead to progressive retinal degeneration, increasing the risk of tears, holes, or detachments. Symptoms include reduced night vision, peripheral vision loss, and difficulty focusing. Preventive measures include regular eye check-ups, protective eyewear, and lifestyle modifications. In cases of significant retinal damage, laser therapy or surgery may be required to preserve vision.

Maculopathies refer to diseases affecting the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp vision. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic maculopathy, and hereditary macular dystrophies are common causes. Symptoms include blurred or distorted vision, difficulty reading, and central vision loss. Treatment depends on the type of maculopathy and may include lifestyle modifications, anti-VEGF injections, or laser therapy.