As a Vitreo-Retina specialist, I have encountered numerous cases of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)—a serious complication of diabetes that affects the retina and can lead to vision loss if left untreated. With diabetes on the rise in India, awareness about this condition is crucial. In this blog, I will walk you through the early symptoms, risk factors, and latest treatment options to help you protect your vision. 

What is Diabetic Retinopathy? 

Diabetic Retinopathy is a progressive eye disease caused by damage to the small blood vessels in the retina due to prolonged high blood sugar levels. Over time, these vessels can leak, swell, or become blocked, leading to vision problems and, in severe cases, blindness. 

Early Symptoms to Watch For 

One of the most challenging aspects of Diabetic Retinopathy is that it often develops silently, showing no symptoms in its early stages. However, as the disease progresses, you may notice: 

• Blurry Vision – Difficulty focusing, especially during activities like reading or driving. 
• Dark Spots or Floaters – Tiny specks or cobweb-like shadows in your vision. 
• Difficulty Seeing at Night – Struggles with low-light environments. 
• Sudden Vision Changes – Rapid fluctuations in eyesight clarity. 
• Loss of Central Vision – Indicating macular involvement. 
• Ignoring these symptoms can lead to diabetic macular edema (DME) or retinal detachment, which significantly impacts vision. 

Who is at Risk? 

Certain individuals are more susceptible to developing Diabetic Retinopathy. If you have diabetes, the following factors increase your risk: 

• Long-standing Diabetes – The longer you have diabetes, the higher the risk. 
• Uncontrolled Blood Sugar Levels – Poor glucose management speeds up retinal damage. 
• High Blood Pressure and Cholesterol – Contributes to vascular complications. 
• Pregnancy – Gestational diabetes can sometimes trigger retinal changes. 
• Smoking and Sedentary Lifestyle – Poor lifestyle habits exacerbate complications. 

Diagnosis and Screening 

Early detection is key to preventing vision loss. I strongly recommend that diabetic patients undergo a comprehensive eye exam at least once a year. The most effective diagnostic tests include: 

• Dilated Eye Exam – To check for retinal changes. 
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) – Provides high-resolution imaging of the retina. 
• Fluorescein Angiography – Highlights leaking or damaged blood vessels. 
• Treatment Options for Diabetic Retinopathy 
• Thanks to advancements in ophthalmology, we now have several effective treatment options: 
• Laser Therapy (Photocoagulation) – Helps seal leaking blood vessels and prevent further damage. 
• Intravitreal Injections – Anti-VEGF medications (like Ranibizumab, Aflibercept) reduce swelling and prevent abnormal blood vessel growth. 
• Vitrectomy Surgery – Performed in advanced cases where the vitreous gel becomes clouded with blood. 
• Blood Sugar Control & Lifestyle Modifications – The most crucial step in preventing and managing DR. 

Diabetic Retinopathy is preventable with early detection and timely treatment. If you have diabetes, prioritize regular eye checkups, maintain good blood sugar control, and lead a healthy lifestyle. As a retinal specialist, my mission is to help you preserve your vision and ensure that diabetes does not rob you of your eyesight. 

If you have any concerns or wish to schedule an eye examination, feel free to reach out to me. Your vision is precious—protect it today!