As an ENT specialist, I often see patients struggling with dizziness and imbalance, which can significantly impact their daily lives. One of the most common causes of such symptoms is vertigo—a condition that creates a false sense of movement, making individuals feel as though they or their surroundings are spinning. While vertigo itself is not a disease, it is a symptom of an underlying issue within the inner ear or the brain. Let’s explore its causes, symptoms, and the best treatment options for long-term relief. 

What Causes Vertigo? 

Vertigo is primarily linked to disorders affecting the vestibular system, which is responsible for balance and spatial orientation. Common causes include: 

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) – The most frequent cause of vertigo, BPPV occurs when tiny calcium crystals in the inner ear become dislodged and disrupt balance signals to the brain. 

Meniere’s Disease – A disorder of the inner ear associated with fluid buildup, leading to vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and ear pressure. 

Vestibular Neuritis or Labyrinthitis – An inner ear infection that inflames the vestibular nerve, causing sudden and severe vertigo episodes. 

Migraine-Associated Vertigo – Individuals with migraines may experience dizziness and imbalance, often triggered by certain foods, stress, or environmental factors. 

Acoustic Neuroma – A rare, non-cancerous tumor on the vestibular nerve that affects balance and hearing. 

Ototoxic Medications – Certain medications, like some antibiotics and diuretics, can damage the inner ear and cause vertigo. 

Symptoms of Vertigo 

Symptoms of vertigo may vary in severity and duration but typically include: 

A spinning or swaying sensation, even when stationary. 
Nausea or vomiting. 
Difficulty maintaining balance and coordination. 
Sweating and headaches. 
In severe cases, nystagmus (involuntary eye movements). 

These symptoms may last from a few seconds to several hours, depending on the cause. 

Treatment Options for Long-Term Relief 

Canalith Repositioning Maneuvers – BPPV can often be effectively treated with procedures like the Epley Maneuver, which repositions the dislodged inner ear crystals. 

Medications – Antihistamines, anti-nausea drugs, and vestibular suppressants can temporarily relieve symptoms. 

Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy (VRT) – A customized exercise program to improve balance and reduce dizziness. 

Diet and Lifestyle Modifications – Reducing salt intake for Meniere’s disease, staying hydrated, and avoiding known migraine triggers. 

Surgical Interventions – In rare cases, procedures like labyrinthectomy or vestibular nerve section may be necessary. 

Final Thoughts 

Vertigo can be disruptive, but with the right diagnosis and treatment, it is manageable. If you’re experiencing frequent dizziness or balance issues, consult an ENT specialist to address the root cause and find effective relief. At Chirayu Multi-Speciality Clinic, I am committed to providing personalized treatment plans to help my patients regain stability and confidence in their daily lives.