Sperm DNA fragmentation refers to breaks or damage in the genetic material carried by sperm. High fragmentation levels can impair embryo development even when the semen analysis appears normal, resulting in embryos that look healthy on day three or five but carry damage that prevents successful implantation or leads to early pregnancy loss. DNA fragmentation testing is recommended in couples where female factors have been excluded or treated and IVF failure persists. Management options include antioxidant supplementation, lifestyle changes, and in selected cases, surgical sperm retrieval directly from the testes.
Frequently Asked Question
What is sperm DNA fragmentation and how does it affect IVF outcomes?
