Allergen immunotherapy is a treatment where small, controlled doses of the allergy-causing substance (allergen) are given over time to reduce sensitivity. It is available as injections (subcutaneous immunotherapy, SCIT) or drops/tablets under the tongue (sublingual immunotherapy, SLIT).
Myth 1: "Immunotherapy cures allergies immediately."
Fact:
Immunotherapy is not a quick fix. It works gradually by training the immune system to tolerate allergens. Most patients need 3 to 5 years of treatment to see long-term benefits.
Myth 2: "It is the same as taking allergy medicines."
Fact:
Antihistamines and inhalers control symptoms temporarily. Immunotherapy is the only treatment that modifies the disease, reducing symptoms even after treatment is stopped.
Myth 3: "All allergy patients need immunotherapy."
Fact:
Not everyone needs it. It is useful for:
• Allergic rhinitis (dust mite, pollen, mold, animal dander)
• Allergic asthma
• Certain insect sting allergies (bee/wasp)
It is not given for food allergies or skin allergies like eczema/urticaria.
Myth 4: "It is unsafe and risky."
Fact:
When given under medical supervision, immunotherapy is generally safe.
• Mild side effects: local redness, itching at injection site, throat irritation in SLIT.
• Severe reactions (rare): anaphylaxis - which is why injections are given in clinics with emergency care available.
Myth 5: "Once I stop, my allergy will come back immediately."
Fact:
If completed for the recommended duration (usually 3 to 5 years), immunotherapy gives long-term benefits. Symptoms may stay reduced for years even after stopping.
Myth 6: "It works for all allergens."
Fact:
Immunotherapy works best for specific allergens proven by tests (skin prick test or blood IgE test). For example, dust mites, pollens, molds, animal dander, insect venom. It does not work for non-allergic triggers like smoke, perfumes, or pollution.
Myth 7: "It can be started at any time during an allergy flare-up."
Fact:
It should be started when the patient's symptoms are well controlled with medicines, not during severe asthma attacks or infections.
Myth 8: "Children cannot take immunotherapy."
Fact:
Children above 5 years of age can safely receive immunotherapy. In fact, starting early may prevent progression from allergic rhinitis to asthma.
Myth 9: "I can stop my regular medicines as soon as I start AIT."
Fact:
Immunotherapy takes time to show effects. Patients usually need to continue their regular allergy/asthma medicines in the beginning. Over time, the need for medicines reduces.
Myth 10: "Immunotherapy is only available as injections."
Fact:
Both injections (SCIT) and sublingual tablets/drops (SLIT) are available. The choice depends on allergen type, patient preference, cost, and doctor's advice.
Key Takeaway
Allergen immunotherapy is the closest we have to a long-term solution for respiratory allergies and allergic asthma. It requires patience, regular follow-up, and medical supervision, but the benefits can be life-changing.
To book a consultation with Dr. Nayan Mani Deka at Pratiksha Rainbow Children's Hospital, VIP Road, Borbari, Guwahati, Assam 781036, call +91 9436732863 / +91 6000714825 or visit linqmd.com/doctor/nayan-mani-deka
Written by Dr. Nayan Mani Deka, MBBS (Gauhati Medical College, 2003), MD Paediatrics (GMCH Gauhati, 2008), Diploma in Allergy and Asthma (CMC Vellore), Certified PALS, APLS, NSSK, Consultant Paediatrician, Asthma Allergy Specialist and Immunotherapist, Pratiksha Rainbow Children's Hospital, VIP Road, Borbari, Guwahati, Assam 781036. Phone: +91 9436732863 / +91 6000714825.
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